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The functioning of multicellular organisms is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems, and the hormones insulin and glucagon in particular play an important role in maintaining energy balance by regulating blood sugar. Insulin lowers blood sugar and glucagon raises blood sugar, and their interaction maintains homeostasis in the body.   In multicellular organisms, the functions of the...

Dust collection is a technology that removes particulate pollutants from industrial processes. Electric dust collectors use electrons to capture dust and are divided into dry and wet types, with wet types becoming increasingly important due to recent environmental regulations.   Dust collection is an important technology for removing particulate pollutants from processes in industrial sites...

Jacques Lacan’s mirror stage theory reveals that the autonomy of the self is fictitious, showing that the self is formed through the image of the self. In addition, human desires are constructed through the desires of others, which means that the self is formed in relation to others.   Jacques Lacan, a French psychoanalyst and philosopher, continued and reinvented Freud’s...

This article explains how social Darwinism has been applied to individuals and groups since the 19th century, combining with laissez-faire, nationalism, and imperialism to justify social inequality and imperialism.   Social Darwinism is a social theory that applies Darwin’s theory of biological evolution to individuals and groups. The central concepts of social Darwinism are...

Surrealism is an important artistic movement of the 20th century that rejected rationality and explored the realm of the unconscious. It used automatisms and Depression-era techniques to create pure, unfamiliar imagery, which had a profound impact on literature, theater, film, and other artistic fields, as well as people’s everyday lives.   Surrealism is one of the most important...

Amidst the chaos of the Warring States period, Yangzhou advocated Yuanism, emphasizing individual autonomy and self-preservation, while Han Bijia sought to establish order through a strong rule of law and absolute monarchy. Each explored the relationship between the state and the individual in different ways, offering solutions to the chaotic times.   The Warring States Period in China was a...

A property that an object must have is called an essence. Essentialism holds that these properties exist within the object, while anti-essentialism holds that essence is nothing more than a linguistic arrangement made by humans. The history of Western philosophy has tried to find essence, but it has failed to clearly identify essential properties. Anti-essentialism argues that this is because...

Historical facts are events that happened in the past, and historians are divided into two schools of thought: Ranke, who sees them as objective facts, and Droysen, who interprets them as subjective perceptions. While Ranke argued that facts should be described as they are through thorough archival research, Droysen believed that the historian’s interpretation is crucial and that it is...

Every fall at the Seoul World Fireworks Festival, a variety of fireworks light up the sky. They create different shapes and colors depending on the placement of stars and metal elements, and they use flash powder and aluminum to control the sound. These techniques provide a spectacular visual and auditory treat, and they also have a positive impact on the local economy.   Every fall in South...

Ray Kurzweil argues that the 2045 singularity will allow artificial brain and organ technologies to dramatically extend human lifespans. But we need to consider the social and economic implications.   Google engineer Ray Kurzweil believes that building an artificial brain could lead to the creation of a human mind. He claims that the human brain will be able to be accurately mimicked by 2045...