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This article explains why humans are expected to follow rules and laws in society, and explores why selfish behaviors such as free riding in team tasks can lead to long-term disadvantages. It compares narrow short-term benefits to broader long-term benefits, emphasizing that free riding negatively impacts an individual’s social trust and growth.   Humans live in societies. We live with...

Animal testing has played an essential role in advancing human medicine and science, but there are also strong arguments for respecting the rights and welfare of animals. What choice do we have between scientific advancement and animal rights?   There’s a hot debate among scientists these days about the need to abandon animal testing. The argument that animals have rights just like...

Humanity has made enormous sacrifices in two world wars, and tensions are still rising today with economic confrontations and nuclear threats. The possibility of a third world war still exists, but it may take a different form than in the past. Humanity is now at a crossroads where we need to consider what options we have for peace and coexistence.   Throughout human history, war has been an...

We live in an age where appearance is important, and many people use cosmetics to achieve this. Cosmetics are produced through a complex chemical process from sample creation to mass production. This process requires research and development by chemical engineers to improve efficiency and safety, which results in high-quality cosmetics.   Appearance isn’t everything, but we live in a...

Technological advances toward eternal life are increasingly making it possible to extend human life forever. However, it is still debated whether infinite life will bring happiness or lead to problems such as resource scarcity and social change.   Eternal life means immortality. It means that humans can live forever. Humans have been striving for eternal life since time immemorial, and with...

Antidepressants have been used for a long time in the belief that they are effective in treating depression, but studies and experiments have shown that their effectiveness is not significantly different from placebo and that they can have serious side effects. These problems have led to calls for the sale of antidepressants to be heavily regulated.   In April 2008, at a meeting of the...

Religion has served to unite humanity through its transcendent legitimacy, and Christianity and Judaism, in particular, have driven the development and economic growth of Western civilization. However, religion sometimes leads to conflict and inequality, and its influence can be both positive and negative.   Because religion is endowed with transcendent legitimacy, it is unquestionable and a...

This article discusses the purpose and importance of education and emphasizes that education should be connected to life purpose, not just knowledge transfer. Based on Herbart’s educational theory, we argue that moral formation and social contribution should be the end goal of education, and that the current education system needs to be improved.   We learn for different purposes, such...

French cuisine has developed through centuries of history and artistic tradition. It has a rich history of regional variations and courtly cooking, and with Escoffier’s innovative systematization in the 20th century, it became the foundation of the world’s haute cuisine. As a result, French cuisine is still regarded as one of the best in the world.   Cooking is a fundamental part...

Albert Einstein did not fully accept the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and stuck to his own theories. This was due to his strong belief in his theory, and it illustrates the boundaries of tenacity and obsession that scientists fight against new theories. While Einstein’s attitude can be seen as stubbornness, it can also be interpreted as an effort to maintain academic rigor...