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In the 21st century, mechanized farms are enriching our lives, but they are also harming humans through animal suffering, zoonotic diseases, and environmental pollution. We need to improve our farming systems to take animal welfare and environmental protection into account.   In the 21st century, we live in material affluence. We have access to all the food we want and rarely suffer from...

This article discusses the issue of distinguishing science from non-science in order to understand the nature of science, and explores the definition and limits of science through the lens of logical realism and Karl Popper’s disproversialism. While Popper’s disproversialism is a valid criterion for distinguishing between science and non-science, it suggests that even unprovable...

This article explains the medical definition of pain and its evolutionary role, and provides historical examples of the anesthetic methods humans have developed to reduce pain. It also explores the different approaches to accepting and managing pain, and how human efforts to overcome pain can improve quality of life and lead to social and ethical challenges.   What is pain? The medical...

Chartres Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in northwestern France, is considered the pinnacle of Gothic architecture and is the epitome of medieval engineering, using the physical properties of stone and innovative architectural techniques to achieve its massive scale and spectacular stained glass.   When you visit Chartres, a city in northwestern France, you’ll be greeted by a...

This article raises the question of whether humans would be happier if they had eternal life, and discusses how death may actually be what gives human life meaning and happiness.   Today, the average human life expectancy is around 80 years old, meaning that once we are born, we live for 80 years of our own free will. Some people will dream of becoming a world-class soccer player, while...

If A.I. becomes a mainstay of economic activities, it is likely to bring not only positive effects of technological advancement, but also negative effects such as a widening gap between the rich and poor, a surge in unemployment, and a loss of human agency, and careful social preparation is necessary.   Recently, AlphaGo, an artificial intelligence Go robot built by Google, made headlines...

Fingerprint and iris recognition, which have become ubiquitous as security technologies for mobile phones, each have their own shortcomings, and dorsal vein recognition technology is gaining attention. This technology is being practiced in various fields due to its resistance to external stimuli and low risk of personal information leakage, but improvements are needed, such as initial cost and...

One-touch technology offers efficiency and convenience, but the question is whether it can be utilized by people with compromised fingerprints. Capacitive fingerprinting technology solves this problem and is becoming increasingly popular because it can maintain high security and accuracy in a variety of situations.   The term “one-touch” refers to the simplification of something that would...

  Machine learning is the art of analyzing and learning from big data to solve problems, and is an evolutionary form of artificial intelligence. It is revolutionizing a wide range of industries and is having a profound impact on society as a whole. Advances in machine learning will change the structure of existing jobs, create new types of work, and play a role in policy decisions.  ...