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Ancient Confucianism was concerned with how to reconcile the pursuit of human interests and moral ideals when they clash, and in the process, they proposed ways to direct interests and harmonize with the community.   The ancient Confucians, represented by Confucius, Mencius, and Sun Tzu, strived to build a moral kingdom while contemplating the improvement of society and the salvation of...

Market failure is a situation where resources are not allocated efficiently according to market principles. To prevent market failure in public goods and shared resources, appropriate intervention and management by the government is necessary to improve the economic utility of society as a whole.   Most goods are allocated according to market principles, with consumers paying the price and...

History is not just a record of the past, but a creation of human selection and interpretation. Selected facts are causally connected to have a specific meaning, and their interpretation can change depending on the time period and historical perspective.   History is a record of the facts of the past that only humans have. However, not all facts of the past constitute history. History is not...

  Banks contribute to the economy through deposits and loans, but a lack of customer information increases risk. From a public banking perspective, practices like microcredit play an important role in realizing the social responsibility of banking and supporting the economically disadvantaged.   What is the core business of a bank? The core business of a bank starts with simply...

Antarctic glaciers record millions of years of Earth’s climate change and atmospheric composition, and analyzing them is crucial to understanding past environments and developing responses to the current climate crisis.   Antarctic glaciers vividly preserve fundamental data on past changes in Earth’s atmospheric composition and temperature. They contain millions of years of...

Nanotechnology is a technology that enables materials at microscopic scales to exhibit new properties, and is used in a variety of industries every day. However, rapid advances in nanotechnology can raise social and ethical concerns, including potential toxicity, military imbalances, and the socialization of surveillance. A careful approach is needed to advance this technology safely and...

This article discusses the reality that universities are prioritizing employability and losing their original academic values. As students and universities are caught in a dilemma between employment and academics, it raises questions about the role and nature of universities.   The university world is in deep trouble. Youth unemployment has reached a critical level, and students are...

This article explores how the binding nature of agreements formed and changed in medieval and modern England, and how economic change and legal justification played a role in this process. Initially, the main purpose of enforcement was to remedy non-performance of agreements, but economic changes and the influence of church law gradually legitimized the enforcement of agreements, which led to the...

This article discusses human freedom and rights, centering on the debate about end-of-life care. It compares the arguments in favor of and against aid in dying, emphasizes the need for legal and social mechanisms, and addresses the implications and side effects of aid in dying.   ‘I have the right to destroy myself.’ So said the famous French novelist François Sagan. ‘I...