Digital signal processing is a technology that converts analog signals to digital, enabling a wide range of data to be processed and manipulated. This technology is revolutionizing many fields, including telecommunications, healthcare, and autonomous driving, and is at the heart of future technological advances.
These days, no matter where you go, you can do everything from your smartphone. We’re constantly messaging our friends, listening to music in our earbuds, catching up on internet news, or browsing trending videos. All of these things that we all take for granted were hard to imagine just 20 years ago. Back then, we had to use typewriters to type, CD players to listen to music, and televisions to watch videos. Today, a small device in the palm of your hand can do all of these things, and sometimes more than one at the same time. That’s the power of digital signal processing.
Digital signal processing is the transformation of signals from nature into electrical signals. The sights we see when we walk through a park or the sounds we hear in a cafe are all types of signals. These signals aren’t directly usable by machines, so digital signal processing turns them into electrical signals – currents and voltages – that machines can easily process and process. This is how SIRI on the iPhone and Bixby on Samsung can understand human speech and perform tasks.
Why do we need digital signal processing? To answer this question, we first need to understand the concept of analog and digital signals. Analog signals are signals that have a continuous distribution, such as light or sound. Since the signal is continuous and forms one large entity, it is difficult for the user to manipulate it in the middle of the signal. Since the signal is used as it is without manipulation, the system that processes it varies depending on the type of signal. This limits the scope of application and complicates system design. Digital signals, on the other hand, are signals with a discrete distribution, consisting of 0s and 1s. Because they are discrete, users can manipulate them in a variety of ways. Because all digital signals are processed as a unified array of zeros and ones, a single system can manage signals regardless of whether they are data, video, or voice. However, most of the signals we encounter in real life are analog, which is why we need digital signal processing technology to convert analog signals into digital signals so that we can process them for our purposes.
Digital signal processing consists of five steps: preprocessing filtering, analog to digital conversion (A/D conversion), digital signal processing, D/A conversion, and postprocessing filtering. Let’s take a look at a simple example. You’re on your cell phone, talking to a friend. The voice coming out of your mouth is an analog signal with a continuous distribution. The preprocessing filter limits the range of analog signal frequencies entering the input to prevent as much noise as possible from entering the phone, except for the human voice. The A/D conversion turns that signal into a digital signal that can be processed inside the phone. Your voice has now been converted into a bunch of zeros and ones and is now inside your phone. The digital signal processing stage removes any noise that is still present in the converted signal and, in some cases, boosts the volume or improves the sound quality. The processed signal is then converted back into a voice signal, an analog signal that can be understood by users beyond the phone, through D/A conversion. Post-processing filtering further refines the signal into a cleaner one before it is sent to the other party.
These digital signal processing systems don’t just convert voice or video. Digital signal processing is the technology behind all of today’s information and communication systems and has become an integral part of our daily lives. For example, the GPS system we use every day uses digital signal processing to digitally convert received satellite signals to calculate our location. In the medical field, imaging devices such as MRIs and CT scans use digital signal processing to generate high-resolution images that enable accurate diagnosis.
Advances in digital signal processing have transformed many fields, especially in advanced technologies like self-driving cars and smart homes, which rely on digital signal processing to analyze data in real time and make contextualized decisions. It’s more than just a technological advancement, it’s playing an important role in improving our quality of life. Digital signal processing technology is constantly evolving in various fields such as telecommunications, healthcare, and transportation, and will continue to have a profound impact on our daily lives.
Digital signal processing systems allow us to freely perform conversion between analog and digital signals, providing great convenience in processing and integrating signals. However, digital signal processing also has some drawbacks. In the process of converting analog signals to digital, some information is lost, and the original signal may be distorted. If you’re on a phone call and your voice sounds garbled or the sound quality seems worse, you’re probably thinking of the disadvantages of digital signal processing. However, the advantages of digital signal processing far outweigh the disadvantages, which is why it is widely used in various fields, including telecommunications. In addition, the recent advances in signal processing technology have been so dramatic that it is difficult for human senses to distinguish them from the original analog signals.
In the future, digital signal processing technology will be a powerful weapon for artificial intelligence to understand natural language, ubiquitous applications, and the Internet of Things. It will also play a key role in advancing network infrastructure worldwide and building more efficient and faster information processing systems. The potential of this technology to realize the human imagination is endless, and we will continue to discover new possibilities as it evolves.
