The P vs. NP problem is one of the most challenging problems in math and computer science, comparing the time to solve a problem with the time to check it. If solved, it could revolutionize many fields, including cryptography, but it remains unsolved.   On May 24, 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute in the United States announced a prize of $1 million per problem for solving seven of the...

  A technology that allows you to watch 3D movies with your bare eyes without stereoscopic glasses is becoming a reality through the research of Professor Kookheon Cha of Seoul National University. This technology, based on the research of polymer thin films in chemical biology, has the potential to be applied to various industries and is expected to be utilized in future daily life...

In chemical engineering, separation processes are essential for obtaining the desired product and are responsible for efficiently separating the different substances produced after a reaction. Various techniques, such as distillation and membrane separation, can be utilized to increase purity and reduce costs, and they play an important role in many industries beyond chemical processing.  ...

As artificial intelligence robots develop, situations where they demand freedom may become a reality. This article explores the meaning of freedom and raises the ethical and philosophical question of whether robots can be recognized as autonomous beings rather than mere possessions.   In 2005, the Richard family makes a surprising purchase. It’s Andrew the Robot (NDR-114). This...

  This article explains the transition from modern architecture to postmodern architecture through a change in humanity’s view of truth. Based on a critique of the efficiency and rationality of modern architecture, it emphasizes that postmodern architecture is an attempt to restore human aesthetic sense in an inefficient and asymmetrical form.   What is truth? It may seem like an...

  Computer science is a rapidly evolving discipline, with new paradigms constantly emerging that emphasize the balance between performance and accuracy. Analyze the unique way computer science has evolved compared to the theories of the Scientific Revolution, and learn how the latest technologies, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing, are impacting the evolution of computer...

  Underground spaces are gaining attention as an alternative solution to population growth and resource scarcity. Utilized since ancient times, underground spaces have expanded with technological advances to include a variety of uses, including housing, industry, and energy, and are playing an important role in future projects such as nuclear waste storage and high-speed transportation...

  This article uses the flow of cigarette smoke to illustrate the basic principles and applications of fluid dynamics. It covers fluid motion and various hydrodynamic phenomena, such as laminar flow, turbulence, and detachment, using everyday examples to emphasize their importance and applications.   Fluid Dynamics Through Cigarette Smoke We all have memories of watching our...

  Microfluidic devices are an innovative technology that overcomes the limitations of traditional two-dimensional experiments by culturing cells in a three-dimensional environment to simulate in vivo conditions. This technology provides more accurate results in anticancer drug efficacy testing and diagnostics, and has the potential to revolutionize cancer research and treatment.  ...

  Graphene is a thin, two-dimensional structure made up of carbon atoms that is 200 times stronger than steel, electrically conductive, flexible, and transparent. It can be applied in various fields such as semiconductors, batteries, medicine, and electronics, but commercialization is expected to be possible only after overcoming the limitations of mass production.   Graphene, the...