Eye-tracking technology has emerged that allows us to operate our smartphones without using our hands in cold weather or when we’re tired. We explore how it works, how it’s likely to evolve, and how it could impact our lives through everyday applications.
On a cold day, when you need to open a directions app on your phone or search for a restaurant online, you don’t want to take your hands out of your pockets. In these moments, it’s not just the cold, it’s the small inconveniences of modern life that seem to take on a greater significance. On those occasional days when you’re extremely tired, you don’t feel like lifting a finger. On such days, even the simplest actions can feel like a huge burden. Then your phone buzzes with a text from a friend. You don’t even want to unlock your phone to answer it, but technology is here to save the day. Eye-tracking technology can help you solve all of these problems in a simple way. It’s no longer a futuristic technology that you can only see in science fiction movies, but one that’s already starting to become part of our daily lives. Whether it’s a smartphone, tablet PC, laptop, or any other type of device, we can perform any action we want without touching it, using only the movement of our eyes.
How does eye tracking technology work, how advanced is it, and how can it impact our lives? Eye recognition and tracking technology has been studied in many different ways. The technology is particularly active in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), and its applications continue to expand. For example, in education, it can be used to analyze student eye movements to identify learning patterns and personalize educational content accordingly.
There are two ways to track eye movements: first, by recognizing eye outlines and pupil regions. This method tracks gaze by taking a full input face image and then performing an eye region detection algorithm by contrasting the unique features of people, such as skin color and eye color and shape. However, rather than predicting the exact direction of gaze, it is a method that roughly inferred the direction of gaze based on a computer algorithm, so its accuracy is somewhat lacking. These methods can be implemented at a low cost, which can be useful for initial research and simple applications, but their limitations are obvious when more precise tasks are required.
The second approach is to use an infrared camera and an infrared light source. When two infrared light sources are shined on the pupil, the camera recognizes the light reflected from the cornea and uses a simple eye-tracking algorithm to estimate the final gaze. The user first looks at two dots to set up the basic elements of the eye-tracking algorithm, and then the camera automatically tracks their gaze according to the eye-tracking algorithm. It’s a flexible system that doesn’t require the camera or the user’s head to be fixed. This technology is especially important for delivering realistic virtual reality (VR) experiences. For example, as the user shifts their gaze, the viewpoint will naturally shift in the virtual environment, making for a more immersive experience.
Finally, there’s the AdaBoost algorithm. Smartphones that use eye-tracking technology often use this algorithm. It’s a weighted combination of the results of other basic learning algorithms, and it specializes in tasks that require multiple iterations of input, such as eye tracking. After recognizing the user’s gaze through the camera, the AdaBoost algorithm calculates the exact movements of the gaze, allowing it to work in conjunction with smartphone operating systems such as Android. These advances in algorithms mean that eye-tracking technology can go beyond simply processing visual data to more accurately understand user intent and provide more sophisticated interfaces.
Eye recognition technology is not just in the development stage, but is already commercialized and available for purchase. One such product is Eye Tribe, a focus tracking product. According to Sune Johansen, founder of The Eye Tribe company, Eye Tribe is both a technology and a product name that refers to a combination of software that can be installed on electronic devices and a tiny focus-activated camera that can be attached to the device to read the focus movements of the human eye and perform various actions on the screen. Eye Tribe is written in C and Java, a highly compatible programming language that works with most common operating systems, including Windows 7 and Android. The Eye Tribe site demonstrates how the technology can be used to perform a variety of actions on a smartphone, such as operating a map application or playing a simple cell phone game, simply by shifting the focus of the eyes.
The future of eye tracking technology is very promising, as advances in eye focusing technology do not simply depend on the precision of the measuring instruments, but on the development of better algorithms that allow for more precise eye tracking and more complex behaviors. These advancements have great potential, especially in industrial applications. For example, in the medical field, it could allow doctors to manipulate medical devices during surgery using only their gaze, helping to increase the accuracy and efficiency of surgeries. This means that if someone comes up with a more groundbreaking algorithm, it could be possible to perform complex actions such as typing or drawing, rather than just switching screens and dragging. However, the research on eye fatigue and eye diseases is not as advanced as it should be. Therefore, it will be necessary to consider the impact of eye tracking technology on users, not just the improvement of algorithms or devices.
As future societies seek more and more convenience, focus recognition technology will become increasingly important. The ability to perform desired actions without touching the screen will appeal to modern people. For example, many accidents happen while driving, such as navigating or operating car devices, and eye-tracking technology can be used to make life easier for drivers. If a simple function such as playing music or zooming in on a map can be accomplished by simply adjusting focus and gaze, it will be a very positive experience for the driver. However, we don’t want eye tracking technology to have the opposite effect of distracting the driver while driving. To avoid this, it is important that eye-tracking technology is designed to analyze the driver’s gaze patterns and avoid distractions.
As you can see, eye tracking technology has been researched in many different directions, including infrared reflection and focus recognition, and new methods of eye tracking are constantly emerging. As algorithms continue to develop, the technology is getting better and better, and the applications of eye tracking technology are expanding. Eye tracking technology can be of great help to people with physical disabilities as well as the general public. If you’re in a wheelchair or have a cast on your hand, you’re limited in what you can do with your hands, and eye tracking technology can help solve that problem. Combined with wireless communication technologies, new interfaces could be developed that allow you to activate elevator buttons with a simple gesture, or order an item without having to pick it up, by focusing on the device next to you. The development of such everyday and simple interfaces can be seen as a field that can grow to provide new types of services to people with physical disabilities.
