Humans have long interpreted nature and society through the question “Why?” – first through religion and mythology to understand natural phenomena, and later through philosophy and science to take a more logical and systematic approach. Research shows that the left brain drives interpretation and language, creating logic to convince ourselves in the face of contradictions. In this process...

Steve Jobs’ innovative products have come to symbolize technological determinism because of the market response, but in reality they evolved in response to the times and consumer demand. The first smartphone, IBM’s Simon, was rejected because society wasn’t ready for it, but the iPhone met social demands and the mood of the times, leading to public enthusiasm. Even accidental...

As an amateur vocalist in a university band, I realized that performing is more than just playing, it’s also about communicating with the audience. It’s about being sincere, choosing songs that resonate with them, conveying emotions, and communicating with the atmosphere. A performance should be a communication, not a talent show, and it is only complete when the emotions and...

This article explores whether people’s altruistic behavior is truly a pure good deed or a calculated choice that will ultimately benefit them. We often find ourselves in situations where we do a favor for a friend or return someone’s lost item with the expectation that it will be reciprocated later. This is known as “reciprocal altruism,” and similar behavior is observed in animal...

As the medical industry has developed with industrialization, animal testing has become a popular way to test medicines for effectiveness. However, the differences in genes and diseases between humans and animals raise questions about the validity of animal test results. Animal testing can also lead to unexpected side effects, as seen in the thalidomide scandal, and many animals are sacrificed...

The question of whether humanity would be happier if we had eternal life is one that deserves deeper consideration. Eternal life would likely only be available to the very wealthy and would exacerbate problems such as resource scarcity and the gap between rich and poor. It could also exacerbate social discontent due to clashing values between generations, the inability of older generations to...

Although evolutionary theory was proposed before Darwin, he is credited with systematizing it and making it widely accepted. Lamarck’s advances, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, neo-Darwinism, and genetic research have all contributed to the progressive development of evolutionary theory. However, evolutionary theory still faces controversy with creationism, especially the debate...

Altruism in human societies, where selfishness and altruism coexist, is difficult to explain in terms of natural selection, and group selection theory provides a solution. While individual selection favors selfish behavior, group selection favors altruistic groups that cooperate to survive. For example, altruistic groups can cooperate to care for the weak and thus maintain a larger surviving...

To understand why altruistic behavior persists in human societies, the theory of group selection is proposed. Group selection is the hypothesis that natural selection occurs at the group level rather than the individual level, and that altruistic behavior favors the survival of the group. Despite the fact that altruistic behavior is to the detriment of the individual, the transmission of...

The combination of stem cells and tissue engineering has made cartilage regeneration possible. Stem cells are induced with specific environments and growth factors to differentiate into chondrocytes, which are then transplanted to restore cartilage.   These days, it’s not uncommon to see ads for cartilage stem cell therapy on the street. While some people may wonder if stem cell...